;Written by Iain McCurdy, 2006 ;wgpluck2_FLTK.csd ;DEMONSTRATION OF THE wgpluck2 OPCODE WHICH IS AN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KARPLUS-STRONG PHYSICAL MODEL OF A PLUCKED STRING. ;IT USES SIMPLE MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLES AND AN IN-BUILT DELAY LINE TO IMITATE THE SOUND OF A STRING BEING PLUCKED. ;THE 'VIRTUAL BASS' VST INSTRUMENT THAT COMES WITH CUBASE IS BASED ON THIS ALGORITHM ;TAKING AN ELECTRIC GUITAR OR BASS GUITAR AS ITS CUE THIS OPCODE OFFERS INPUT PARAMETERS FOR: ;iplk - THE POSITION ALONG THE STRING'S LENGTH AT WHICH IT IS PLUCKED ; VALUES FOR iplk SHOULD BE GREATER THAT 0 AND LESS THAN 1 ; 0 = THE STRING BEING PLUCKED AT THE NUT (NECK), 1 = THE STRING BEING PLUCKED AT THE BRIDGE ; IN ACTUALITY VALUES OF 0 AND 1 WILL PRODUCE SILENCE ; VALUES CLOSE TO ZERO OR CLOSE TO 1 WILL PRODUCE A THIN, HARD SOUND (PLUCKED NEAR THE NECK END OR NEAR THE BRIDGE) ; A VALUE OF .5 WILL PRODUCE A SOFT FLUTEY SOUND (STRING PLUCKED HALFWAY ALONG ITS LENGTH, I.E. 12TH FRET) ; IF YOU'VE A GUITAR OR ANY STRINGED INSTRUMENT HANDY, TRY IT OUT. ;kpick - LOCATION OF THE PICK-UP UNDERNEATH THE VIBRATING STRING ; AGAIN VALUES GREATER THAN 0 AND LESS THAN 1 ARE EXPECTED HERE, ; 0 MEANING THE PICK-UP IS UNDER THE NUT (NECK END), 1 MEANING IT IS UNDER THE BRIDGE, .5 MEANING UNDER THE 12TH FRET FOR AN OPEN STRING ; SIMILAR SPECTRAL RESULTS APPLY REGARDING WHETHER THE PICK-UP IS CLOSE TO THE BRIDGE OR HALFWAY ALON THE STRING AND SO ON... ; THIS PARAMETER CAN BE VARIED AT K-RATE - I.E. THE PICK-UP CAN MOVE DURING A NOTE! ; MOVING THE PICK-UP DURING A NOTE CAUSES A 'FLANGING' EFFECT ;krefl - COEFFICIENT OF REFLECTION, I.E. AMOUNT OF DAMPING OF THE STRING AT THE BRIDGE ; IMAGINE DAMPING THE STRING WITH THE HEEL OF YOUR HAND WHILE PLUCKING A STRING. ; ONCE AGAIN VALUES SHOULD BE GREATER THAN 0 AND LESS THAN 1, DON'T ACTUALLY USE 0 OR 1 ; A VALUE CLOSE TO ZERO REPRESENTS VERY LITTLE DAMPING ; A VALUE CLOSE TO 1 REPRESENTS A LOT OF DAMPING ; WHEN USING LARGE AMOUNTS OF DAMPING THE SOUNDING PITCH OF THE PLUCKED STRING CAN DROP SLIGHTLY ;OTHER OPCODES THAT ARE ALSO BASED ON THE SAME KARPLUS-STRONG PLUCKED STRING ALGORITHM ARE pluck AND wgpluck ;THE pluck OPCODE ALSO INCLUDES SOME PHYSICALLY MODELLED DRUM SOUNDS THAT WERE USED BY SOME ANTIQUE DRUM MACHINES -odevaudio -M0 -+rtmidi=virtual -b400 ;VIRTUAL MIDI DEVICE sr = 44100 ;SAMPLE RATE ksmps = 100 ;NUMBER OF AUDIO SAMPLES IN EACH CONTROL CYCLE nchnls = 2 ;NUMBER OF CHANNELS (2=STEREO) 0dbfs = 1 ;MAXIMUM AMPLITUDE = 1, REGARDLESS OF BIT DEPTH ;FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; FLcolor 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0 ;SET INTERFACE COLOURS ; LABEL | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y FLpanel " ", 500, 300, 0, 0 ;BUTTONS ON | OFF | TYPE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y | OPCODE | INS | STARTTIM | DUR gkOnOff,ihOnOff FLbutton "Pluck!", 1, 0, 21, 200, 30, 150, 10, 0, 2, 0, -1 ;VALUE DISPLAY BOXES LABEL | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y idplk FLvalue " ", 80, 18, 5, 75 idpick FLvalue " ", 80, 18, 5, 125 idrefl FLvalue " ", 80, 18, 5, 175 idcps FLvalue " ", 80, 18, 5, 225 idoutgain FLvalue " ", 80, 18, 5, 275 ;SLIDERS MIN | MAX | EXP | TYPE | DISP | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y gkplk, ihplk FLslider "Pluck Position (i-rate)", 0, 1, 0, 23, idplk, 490, 25, 5, 50 gkpick, ihpick FLslider "Pick-up Position (k-rate)", 0, 1, 0, 23, idpick, 490, 25, 5, 100 gkrefl, ihrefl FLslider "Coefficient of Reflection", .001, .999, 0, 23, idrefl, 490, 25, 5, 150 gkcps, gihcps FLslider "Pitch in CPS", 20, 3000, -1, 23, idcps, 490, 25, 5, 200 gkoutgain, gihoutgain FLslider "Output Gain", 0.01, 100, -1, 23, idoutgain, 490, 25, 5, 250 ;SET INITIAL VALUES OF FLTK VALUATORS ; VALUE | HANDLE FLsetVal_i .98, ihplk FLsetVal_i .1, ihpick FLsetVal_i .6, ihrefl FLsetVal_i 100, gihcps FLsetVal_i 0.1, gihoutgain FLpanel_end ;INSTRUCTIONS AND INFO PANEL FLpanel " ", 500, 440, 512, 0 ;TEXT BOXES TYPE | FONT | SIZE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y ih FLbox " wgpluck2 ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 0 ih FLbox "-------------------------------------------------------------", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 20 ih FLbox "wgpluck2 is another physical model implementation of a ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 40 ih FLbox "plucked string based the Karplus-Strong algorithm. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 60 ih FLbox "wgpluck takes as its model an electric guitar or electric ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 80 ih FLbox "bass guitar. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 100 ih FLbox "Pluck position is a value in the range 0 to 1 representing ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 120 ih FLbox "the fractional position along the string's length at which ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 140 ih FLbox "the string is plucked. (0 and 1 represent the string being ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 160 ih FLbox "plucked at the bridge or the nut, .5 represents the string ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 180 ih FLbox "being pluck exactly halfway along its length. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 200 ih FLbox "Pick-up position is a value in the range 0 to 1 representing ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 220 ih FLbox "the fractional location of the pick-up along the strings ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 240 ih FLbox "length. Pick-up position is variable at k-rate. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 260 ih FLbox "Coefficient of reflection should be a value between 0 and 1 ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 280 ih FLbox "(but not actually 0 or 1) and represents the amount of ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 300 ih FLbox "damping that is applied to the string as it resonates. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 320 ih FLbox "Pitch in CPS (cycles per second) controls the intended pitch.", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 340 ih FLbox "Use of damping causes a slight drop in pitch so retuning may ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 360 ih FLbox "be necessary. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 380 ih FLbox "This example can also be triggered via MIDI. MIDI note ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 400 ih FLbox "number and velocity are interpreted appropriately. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 15, 5, 420 FLpanel_end FLrun ;RUN THE FLTK WIDGET THREAD ;END OF FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; instr 1 ;MIDI ACTIVATED INSTRUMENT (TRIGGERS INSTR 2 AS A SUB-INSTRUMENT) icps cpsmidi ;FREQUENCY IS READ FROM INCOMING MIDI NOTE iamp ampmidi 1 ;AMPLITUDE IS READ FROM INCOMING MIDI NOTE FLsetVal_i icps, gihcps ;SEND FREQUENCY VALUE TO FREQUENCY SLIDER a1,a2 subinstr 2 ;CALL INSTRUMENT 2 AS A SUB-INSTRUMENT. OUTPUT ARGUMENTS WILL BE THE AUDIO OUTS OF CALLED INSTRUMENT outs a1*iamp, a2*iamp ;SEND AUDIO TO OUTPUTS endin instr 2 iamp = 1 apluck wgpluck2 i(gkplk), iamp, i(gkcps), gkpick, gkrefl aenv linsegr 1, 3600, 1, 0.1, 0 ;CREATE AN AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE. THIS WILL BE USED TO PREVENT CLICKS. outs apluck * aenv * gkoutgain, apluck * aenv * gkoutgain endin f0 3600 ;'DUMMY' SCORE EVENT ALLOWS REALTIME MIDI PLAYING FOR 1 HOUR